Lithium-ion bhatiri kana Li-ion bhatiri (rakapfupikiswa seLIB) imhando yebhatiri rinochajwa.Lithium-ion mabhatiri anowanzo shandiswa pamagetsi anotakurika uye mota dzemagetsi uye ari kukura mukuzivikanwa kwemauto uye aerospace application.Bhatiri reLi-ion rakagadzirwa naAkira Yoshino muna 1985, zvichibva patsvagiridzo yapfuura naJohn Goodenough, M. Stanley Whittingham, Rachid Yazami naKoichi Mizushima kuma1970-1980s, uyezve bhatiri reLi-ion rekutengesa rakagadzirwa ne Sony uye Asahi Kasei timu inotungamirwa naYoshio Nishi muna 1991. Muna 2019, Mubairo weNobel muChemistry wakapihwa Yoshino, Goodenough, uye Whittingham "yekuvandudza mabhatiri e lithium ion".

Mumabhatiri, lithium ions inofamba kubva kune negative electrode kuburikidza ne electrolyte kuenda kune yakanaka electrode panguva yekubuda, uye kumashure kana ichichaja.Li-ion mabhatiri anoshandisa yakabatana lithium compound sechinhu chiri pa positive electrode uye kazhinji graphite pane negative electrode.Mabhatiri ane simba rakawanda, hapana ndangariro mhedzisiro (kunze kweLFP masero) uye yakaderera kuzviburitsa.Iwo anogona zvakadaro kuve njodzi yekuchengetedza sezvo aine maelectrolyte anopfuta, uye kana akakuvadzwa kana kupomerwa zvisirizvo anogona kukonzera kuputika nemoto.Samsung yakamanikidzwa kurangarira Galaxy Note 7 handsets zvichitevera moto welithium-ion, uye kwave nezviitiko zvakati wandei zvinosanganisira mabhatiri paBoeing 787s.

Chemistry, kuita, mutengo uye kuchengetedza maitiro anosiyana mumhando dzeLIB.Midziyo yemagetsi inobatwa nemaoko kazhinji inoshandisa mabhatiri e-lithium polymer (ane polymer gel se electrolyte) ine lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) se cathode material, iyo inopa simba guru, asi inopa njodzi dzekuchengetedza, kunyanya kana dzakanganiswa.Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4), lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4, Li2MnO3, kana LMO), uye lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (LiNiMnCoO2 kana NMC) inopa kuderera kwesimba asi hupenyu hurefu uye kushomeka kwemoto kana kuputika.Mabhatiri akadai anoshandiswa zvakanyanya kumidziyo yemagetsi, midziyo yekurapa, uye mamwe mabasa.NMC nezvinobvamo zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumotokari dzemagetsi.

Nzvimbo dzekutsvagira mabhatiri e-lithium-ion dzinosanganisira kuwedzera hupenyu, kuwedzera simba remagetsi, kuvandudza kuchengetedzeka, kudzikisa mutengo, uye kuwedzera kumhanya kwekuchaja, pakati pezvimwe.Tsvagiridzo yave kuenderera mberi munzvimbo yeasingabatike maelectrolyte senzira yekuwedzera chengetedzo zvichienderana nekupisa uye kusagadzikana kwezvinonyungudutsa zveorganic zvinoshandiswa mune yakajairika electrolyte.Matanho anosanganisira aqueous lithium-ion mabhatiri, ceramic solid electrolytes, polymer electrolytes, ionic zvinwiwa, uye zvakanyanya fluorinated masisitimu.

Bhatiri rinopesana nesero

Sero chinhu chakakosha che electrochemical unit ine maelectrodes, separator, uye electrolyte.

Bhatiri kana bhatiri pack muunganidzwa wemaseru kana maseru maassemblies, ane dzimba, magetsi ekubatanidza, uye pamwe zvemagetsi zvekutonga nekudzivirira.

Anode uye cathode electrodes
Kune masero anogona kugadzirwazve, izwi rekuti anode (kana negative electrode) rinoratidza electrode uko oxidation iri kuitika panguva yekubuda;imwe electrode ndiyo cathode (kana kuti yakanaka electrode).Munguva yechaji kutenderera, iyo yakanaka electrode inova anode uye iyo yakaipa electrode inova cathode.Kune akawanda lithium-ion masero, iyo lithium-oxide electrode ndiyo yakanaka electrode;yetitanate lithium-ion masero (LTO), iyo lithium-oxide electrode ndiyo yakaipa electrode.

Nhoroondo

Background

Varta lithium-ion bhatiri, Museum Autovision, Altlussheim, Germany
Mabhatiri eLithium akakurudzirwa nekemesitiri weBritish uye akawana mubairo weNobel we2019 wechemistry M. Stanley Whittingham, parizvino ari paBinghamton University, paaishandira Exxon kuma1970s.Whittingham akashandisa titanium (IV) sulfide uye lithium simbi semagetsi.Nekudaro, iyi rechargeable lithium bhatiri haigone kuitwa inoshanda.Titanium disulfide yaive sarudzo isina kunaka, sezvo ichifanirwa kugadzirwa pasi pemamiriro akavharwa, zvakare ichidhura zvakanyanya (~ $1,000 pakirogiramu yetitanium disulfide raw material muma1970s).Kana yaiswa kumhepo, titanium disulfide inonamira kuumba mishonga yehydrogen sulfide, ine hwema husingafadzi uye ine chepfu kumhuka zhinji.Nekuda kweizvi, nezvimwe zvikonzero, Exxon yakamisa kuvandudzwa kwerithium-titanium disulfide yeWhittingham bhatiri.[28]Mabhatiri ane metallic lithium electrodes airatidza nyaya dzekuchengetedza, sekuti lithium simbi inopindirana nemvura, ichiburitsa gasi rinobvira rehydrogen.Nekuda kweizvozvo, tsvagiridzo yakafambisa kugadzira mabhatiri umo, pachinzvimbo chesimbi lithium, chete lithium makomisheni aripo, achikwanisa kubvuma uye kuburitsa lithium ions.

Reversible intercalation in graphite and intercalation into cathodic oxides yakawanikwa muna 1974-76 naJO Besenhard kuTU Munich.Besenhard akakurudzira kushandiswa kwayo mumasero e lithium.Electrolyte decomposition uye solvent co-intercalation mu graphite zvaive zvakakomba zvipingamupinyi zvehupenyu hwebhatiri.

Development

1973 - Adam Heller akakurudzira bhatiri re lithium thionyl chloride, richiri kushandiswa mumidziyo yekurapa yakasimwa uye mumasisitimu ekudzivirira uko kunodiwa makore anopfuura makumi maviri ehupenyu hwesherufu, kuwanda kwesimba, uye / kana kushivirira kune yakanyanya kupisa tembiricha inodiwa.
1977 - Samar Basu akaratidza electrochemical intercalation ye lithium mu graphite paYunivhesiti yePennsylvania.Izvi zvakaita kuti pave nekugadzirwa kwe lithium intercalated graphite electrode kuBell Labs (LiC6) kuti ipe imwe nzira kune lithium metal electrode bhatiri.
1979 - Vachishanda mumapoka akasiyana, Ned A. Godshall et al., uye, nguva pfupi pashure pacho, John B. Goodenough (Oxford University) naKoichi Mizushima (Tokyo University), vakaratidza rechargeable lithium cell ine voltage mu4 V range vachishandisa lithium. cobalt dioxide (LiCoO2) seyakanaka electrode uye lithium simbi seyakaipa electrode.Iyi innovation yakapa iyo yakanaka electrode zvinhu izvo zvakagonesa kutanga kutengesa lithium mabhatiri.LiCoO2 isimbi yakagadzikana yakanaka ye electrode iyo inoshanda semupi we lithium ions, zvinoreva kuti inogona kushandiswa neine negative electrode zvinhu kunze kwe lithium metal.Nekugonesa kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakatsiga uye zviri nyore-kubata zvisina kunaka emagetsi emagetsi, LiCoO2 yakagonesa novel rechargeable bhatiri masisitimu.Godshall et al.yakawedzera kuona kukosha kwakafanana kweternary compound lithium-transition metal-oxides yakadai sespinel LiMn2O4, Li2MnO3, LiMnO2, LiFeO2, LiFe5O8, uye LiFe5O4 (uye gare gare lithium-copper-oxide uye lithium-nickel-oxide cathode zvinhu muna 1985)
1980 - Rachid Yazami akaratidza reversible electrochemical intercalation ye lithium mu graphite, uye akagadzira lithium graphite electrode (anode).Iyo organic electrolytes iripo panguva iyoyo yaizoora panguva yekuchaja ne graphite negative electrode.Yazami akashandisa yakasimba electrolyte kuratidza kuti lithiamu inogona kudzokororwa yakabatana mugraphite kuburikidza ne electrochemical mechanism.Kubva muna 2011, Yazami's graphite electrode ndiyo yainyanyo shandiswa electrode mukutengesa lithium-ion mabhatiri.
Iyo yakaipa electrode ine mabviro ayo muPAS (polyacenic semiconductive material) yakawanikwa naTokio Yamabe uye gare gare naShjzukuni Yata mukutanga 1980s.Mbeu yetekinoroji iyi kwaive kuwanikwa kwemapolima ekuitisa naProfessor Hideki Shirakawa neboka rake, uye inogonawo kuonekwa seyakatanga kubva ku polyacetylene lithium ion bhatiri rakagadzirwa naAlan MacDiarmid naAlan J. Heeger et al.
1982 – Godshall et al.vakapihwa US Patent 4,340,652 yekushandiswa kweLiCoO2 semakathodhi mumabhatiri e-lithium, zvichibva pana Godshall's Stanford University Ph.D.dissertation uye 1979 zvinyorwa.
1983 - Michael M. Thackeray, Peter Bruce, William David, naJohn Goodenough vakagadzira manganese spinel sechinhu chinotengeswa chinotengeswa cathode zvinhu zvemabhatiri e lithium-ion.
1985 - Akira Yoshino akaunganidza prototype sero achishandisa carbonaceous zvinhu umo lithium ions yaigona kuiswa se electrode imwe, uye lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) seimwe.Izvi zvakavandudza kuchengeteka zvinoshamisa.LiCoO2 yakagonesa kugadzirwa kweindasitiri uye yakagonesa iyo yekutengesa lithium-ion bhatiri.
1989 - Arumugam Manthiram naJohn B. Goodenough vakawana kirasi ye polyanion ye cathodes.Vakaratidza kuti maelectrodes akanaka ane polyanion, semuenzaniso, sulfates, anoburitsa yakakwira voltages pane oxides nekuda kweiyo inductive mhedzisiro ye polyanion.Iyi polyanion kirasi ine zvinhu zvakaita se lithium iron phosphate.

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