Musiyano uripo pakati penickel-metal hydride, nickel-cadmium mabhatiri uye lithium mabhatiri

NiMH mabhatiri

Nickel-metal hydride mabhatiri anoumbwa nehydrogen ions uye metallic nickel.Vane 30% mamwe masimba ekuchengetedza kupfuura nickel-cadmium mabhatiri, akareruka kupfuura nickel-cadmium mabhatiri, uye ane hupenyu hwesevhisi hurefu.Ivo vane ushamwari hwezvakatipoteredza uye havana ndangariro mhedzisiro.Izvo zvisingabatsiri zve nickel-metal hydride mabhatiri ndezvokuti mutengo wemabhatiri nickel-cadmium unodhura zvikuru, uye kushanda kwakaipa kudarika kwe lithiamu mabhatiri.

Lithium Ion Battery

A high-energy-density bhatiri yakagadzirwalithium-ion mabhatiri. Lithium-ion bhatirizvakare imhando yesmart bhatiri, inogona kushandira pamwe neyakakosha yepakutanga smart charger kuti iwane ipfupi yekuchaja nguva, iyo yakareba hupenyu kutenderera uye yakakura huwandu.Lithium-ion bhatiriparizvino ndiro bhatiri rakanakisa.Kana ichienzaniswa nemabhatiri enickel-cadmium uye nickel-hydrogen mabhatiri ehukuru hwakafanana, ine simba guru rekuchengetedza, huremu hwakareruka, hupenyu hwakareba, ipfupi yekuchaja nguva, uye haina ndangariro mhedzisiro.

Kune marudzi maviri makuru emabhatiri anogona kuchajwazve: lead-asidhi mabhatiri uye alkaline mabhatiri.Iyo nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) uye lithium-ion (Li-Ion) mabhatiri ari kushandiswa pari zvino ose ari alkaline mabhatiri.

NiMH bhatiri positive plate material ndeye NiOOH, negative plate material is hydrogen-absorbing alloy.Iyo electrolyte inowanzoita 30% KOH aqueous solution, uye shoma shoma yeNiOH inowedzerwa.Iyo diaphragm yakagadzirwa ne porous vinylon jira risiri rakarukwa kana jira renaironi risiri rakarukwa.Kune marudzi maviri emabhatiri eNiMH: cylindrical uye square.

NiMH mabhatiri ane yakanaka yakaderera-tembiricha yekuburitsa maitiro.Kunyangwe pane ambient tembiricha ye -20 ° C, uchishandisa yakakura ikozvino (payero yekuyerera ye1C) kuti ibudise, iyo inoburitswa magetsi inogona kusvika kupfuura 85% yezita rezita.Zvisinei, kana mabhatiri eNiMH ari pakupisa kukuru (pamusoro +40 ° C), simba rekuchengetedza rinodonha ne5-10%.Kurasikirwa kwesimba kunokonzerwa nekuzviburitsa (iyo yakakwira tembiricha, iyo yakakura yekuzviburitsa mwero) inodzoserwa, uye huwandu hwepamusoro hunogona kudzoserwa kune mashoma ekuchaja-kuburitsa madhiri.Iyo yakavhurika yedunhu voltage yeNiMH bhatiri ndeye 1.2V, iyo yakafanana neNiCd bhatiri.

Iyo yekuchaja mabhatiri eNiCd/NiMH yakafanana chaizvo, inoda kugara ichichaja.Musiyano uripo pakati pezviviri izvi zvakanyanya mukukurumidza kuchaja yekumisa yekuona nzira yekudzivirira bhatiri kubva pakuchaja.Iyo charger inogara ichichaja ikozvino pabhatiri, uye panguva imwechete inoona bhatiri voltage uye mamwe ma parameter.Kana simba rebhatiri richikwira zvishoma nezvishoma uye richisvika pamutengo wepamusoro, kukurumidza kuchaja kwebhatiri reNiMH kunomiswa, nepo bhatiri reNiCd, kuchaja kwekukurumidza kunogumiswa kana bhatiri remagetsi richidonha ne -△V kekutanga.Kuti udzivise kukuvara kwebhatiri, kuchaja nekukurumidza hakugone kutangwa kana tembiricha yebhatiri yakadzikira.Kana tembiricha yebhatiri Tmin yadzikira pane 10°C, trickle kuchaja modhi inofanira kuchinjira.Kamwe tembiricha yebhatiri yasvika kukosha kwakatarwa, kuchaja kunofanirwa kumiswa nekukasira.

Nickel-cadmium mabhatiri

Izvo zvinoshanda paplate yakanaka ye nickel-cadmium bhatiri NiCd bhatiri inoumbwa nickel oxide poda uye graphite poda.Graphite haibatanidzi mukuita kwemakemikari, uye basa rayo guru nderekusimudzira conductivity.Izvo zvinoshanda pandiro yakaipa inoumbwa necadmium oxide poda uye iron oxide poda.Basa reiyo iron oxide poda kuita kuti cadmium oxide hupfu ive nepamusoro diffusible, kudzivirira kuungana, uye kuwedzera kugona kwe electrode plate.Zvishandiso zvinoshandiswa zvakateerana zvakaputirwa mumarata esimbi ane perforated, ayo anova mahwendefa akanaka uye asina kunaka ebhatiri mushure mekudhindwa.Mahwendefa epolar anopatsanurwa nealkali-resistant hard rubber insulating rods kana perforated polyvinyl chloride corrugated boards.Iyo electrolyte inowanzova potassium hydroxide solution.Kuenzaniswa nemamwe mabhatiri, chiyero chekuzviburitsa cheNiCd mabhatiri (kureva, chiyero icho bhatiri rinorasikirwa nechaji kana isiri kushandiswa) ine mwero.Panguva yekushandiswa kwemabhatiri eNiCd, kana asina kusunungurwa zvakakwana, achadzorerwa, uye nguva inotevera paanobudiswa, havazokwanisi kubvisa simba ravo rose.Semuyenzaniso, kana 80% yebhatiri yaburitswa uye yobva yachajiwa, bhatiri rinongokwanisa kubudisa 80% yebhatiri.Iyi ndiyo inonzi memory effect.Ehe, akati wandei akazara ekuburitsa / kuchaja kutenderera kunodzoreredza iyo NiCd bhatiri kune yakajairika kushanda.Nekuda kwekurangarira mabhatiri eNiCd, kana asina kuburitswa zvachose, bhatiri rega rega rinofanirwa kuburitswa pazasi 1V risati rachaja.